Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Aug;102(2):444-53. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.102715. Epub 2015 Jun 3. Association of dietary phosphate and serum phosphorus concentration by levels of kidney function.
The
health implications of dietary phosphorus intake and the role of kidney
function in managing serum phosphorus homeostasis are well studied.
However, examining the source of dietary phosphorus intake and its
impact on serum phosphorus has not been characterized in population
studies. OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to distinguish the association of food sources of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphate additives with serum phosphorus concentration.
DESIGN:
A cross-sectional analysis of 24-h food recall data from 7895 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 was performed. Phosphorus content of foods was categorized as organic or inorganic. Correlations of serum phosphorus to clinical and dietary intake variables were achieved by using multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS:
After controlling for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²), and albumin-to-creatinine ratio, a significant increase in serum phosphorus occurred with dairy foods with inorganic phosphates [parameter estimate (PE) ± SE: 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/dL, P < 0.01] or without inorganic phosphates (PE: 0.02 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and cereals/grains with inorganic phosphates (PE: 0.005 ± 0.002, P < 0.01). Significantly higher serum phosphorus occurred when eGRF was <30 -0.09="" -0.10="" -0.11="" 0.0001="" 0.01="" 0.03="" 0.04="" 0.05="" 0.08="" 0.18="" 0.24="" 30-44="" 45-60="" and="" associated="" bmi="" but="" egfr="" higher="" lower="" or="" p="0.014). </p" phosphorus="" serum="" was="" were="" with="">CONCLUSIONS:
This analysis shows that dairy products and cereals/grains having inorganic phosphate additives significantly increase serum phosphorus concentration, despite being consumed less frequently than foods without phosphate additives. It seems prudent for the Nutrient Facts Label to include phosphorus but also for food manufacturers to consider alternatives to phosphate additives.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02435017.
30>
This study aimed to distinguish the association of food sources of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphate additives with serum phosphorus concentration.
DESIGN:
A cross-sectional analysis of 24-h food recall data from 7895 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 was performed. Phosphorus content of foods was categorized as organic or inorganic. Correlations of serum phosphorus to clinical and dietary intake variables were achieved by using multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS:
After controlling for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI; in kg/m²), and albumin-to-creatinine ratio, a significant increase in serum phosphorus occurred with dairy foods with inorganic phosphates [parameter estimate (PE) ± SE: 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/dL, P < 0.01] or without inorganic phosphates (PE: 0.02 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and cereals/grains with inorganic phosphates (PE: 0.005 ± 0.002, P < 0.01). Significantly higher serum phosphorus occurred when eGRF was <30 -0.09="" -0.10="" -0.11="" 0.0001="" 0.01="" 0.03="" 0.04="" 0.05="" 0.08="" 0.18="" 0.24="" 30-44="" 45-60="" and="" associated="" bmi="" but="" egfr="" higher="" lower="" or="" p="0.014). </p" phosphorus="" serum="" was="" were="" with="">CONCLUSIONS:
This analysis shows that dairy products and cereals/grains having inorganic phosphate additives significantly increase serum phosphorus concentration, despite being consumed less frequently than foods without phosphate additives. It seems prudent for the Nutrient Facts Label to include phosphorus but also for food manufacturers to consider alternatives to phosphate additives.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02435017.
30>
© 2015 American Society for Nutrition.
KEYWORDS:
body mass index; chronic kidney disease; diet; dietary phosphorus; kidney disease
body mass index; chronic kidney disease; diet; dietary phosphorus; kidney disease
Comment in
- Studying dietary phosphorus intake: the challenge of when a gram is not a gram. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2015]
J Ren Nutr. 2017 Mar;27(2):97-105. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.08.009. Epub 2016 Oct 14.
Replacing Phosphorus-Containing Food Additives With Foods Without Additives Reduces Phosphatemia in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.de Fornasari ML1, Dos Santos Sens YA2.AbstractOBJECTIVE:The purpose of the study was to verify the effects of replacing phosphorus-containing food additives with foods without additives on phosphatemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. DESIGN:
Randomized clinical trial.SETTING:
Adult patients on hemodialysis for ≥6 months at a single center. SUBJECTS:
A total of 134 patients with phosphorus levels of >5.5 mg/dL were included and were randomized into an intervention group (n = 67) and a control group (n = 67). INTERVENTION:
The IG received individual orientation to replace processed foods that have phosphorus additives with foods of similar nutritional value without these additives. The CG received only the nutritional orientation given before the study. Clinical laboratory data, nutritional status, energy and protein intake, and normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and after 90 days. RESULTS:
There was no initial difference between the groups in terms of serum phosphorus levels, nutritional status, and energy intake. After 3 months, there was a decline in phosphorus levels in the IG (from 7.2 ± 1.4 to 5.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL, P < .001), but there was no significant difference in the CG (from 7.1 ± 1.2 to 6.7 ± 1.2 mg/dL, P = .65). In the IG, 69.7% of the patients reached the serum phosphorus target of ≤5.5 mg/dL; however, only 18.5% of the CG subjects reached this level (P < .001). CONCLUSION: At the end, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of nutritional status, energy intake, protein intake, and nPNA. The replacing phosphorus-containing food additives with foods without additives reduced serum phosphorus without interfering in the nutritional status of ESRD patients.
Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.PMID: 27751628 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.08.009
Jos minulta kysyttäisiin, miten käytännössä voi tasapainotaa tätä orgaanista ja epäorgaanista fosfaatinsaantiaan, sanoisin neuvon jota itse noudatan kauta vuoden: Vältän hiivalla leipomista. Harvoin ostan hiivalla leivottua leipää. Mielelläni käytän hiilihydraattina keitettyä riisiä, riisi- ja maissikeksiä , myslejä, tattaripuuroa, kuivia hedelmiä , tuorehedelmiä, perunaa. Voin olla itse koko vuoden käyttämättä hiivaa, mutta teen kyllä simaa vapuksi hiivalla.
... Hiiva nimittäin rikkoo fytiinin IP6 alemmiksi fosfaattimuodoiksi ja lopulta inositoliksi ja epäorgaaniseksi fosfaatiksi, jolloin IP6:n antioksidanttista ja munuaisedullsita vaikutusta ei enää dieetistä ole.
Toinen tapa nostaa fytiinin saantia on nuo pähkinät , jyvät, ym joita ei ole hiivalla hajoitettu.
Fytiiniä on monissa kasviperäisissä ruoissa, kaakaossakin. ( Tässä blogissa on taulukkoja Spiller A Gene) .
Samalla kun vältän hiivaa ja siitä tulevaa orgaanista fosforia, koetan välttää myös bikarbonaattia, vaikka sitä on vaikea välttää keliakiadieetissä, koska kaikki valmisjauhot sisältävät natriumbikarbonaattia. Jos tekee kakkuja tai torttuja, niihin kyllä tulee bikarbonaattia, mutta ei niitä tarvitse usein tehdä., juhliin vain.
Valkoisen sokerin käytön koetan minimoida, sillä valkoinen sokeri kilpailee kovasti inositolin kanssa soluun pääsystä ja sokeri voittaa inositolin, varsinkin liikasokeri, joka lisäksi vähentää magnesiumpitoisuutta solusta.
Kuitenkin näen aivan mahdottomaksi antaa tällaisia neuvoja, koska esim vehnäpulla ja kohotettu leipä on perustava elintarvike Pohjolassa.
Minulla on tietysti vahva motivaatio, joka auttaa pitämään tällaista dieettiperiaatetta läpi vuoden: verenpaine, joka helposti nosuee ja munuaistoiminta, joka vaikuttaa vuosien varrella hieman alamäkiseltä. Joudun myös pitämään vähäsuolaista dieettiä ruokasuolan suhteen ja hyvin vahvasti mineraalipitoista kasvisperäisen kaliumin ja magnesiumin suhteen, joita saan hedelmistä. Ei mistään tableteista kuitenkaan, koska niitä on runsaasti tietyissä ravinteissa (mm. kuivahedelmät, viikuna, taateli, luumu , pähkinät, mantelit) .
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