New
molecular mechanisms of inter-organelle lipid transport
Guillaume Drin, Joachim Moser von
Filseck, Alenka Čopič
Biochemical Society Transactions Apr
11, 2016, 44 (2) 486-492; DOI: 10.1042/BST20150265
LIPIDIT ovat tarkalleen asettautuneina solukalvoissa ja niihin liittyy organellispesifisiä proteiineja. Tiedetään,että pääasiallinen solulipidien tehdas on endoplasminen retikulum eli ER verkosto. Täten onkin avainasemassa olevaa tietoa, miten eri lipidit sitten jakautuvat eri aitioihinsa rakkulakuljetuksella tai nonvesikulaarista tietä. Nykyään koetetaan ratkaista, miten lipideitä kuljettavat proteiinit (LTP) toimivat - joko kuljettamalla pitkiä matkoja tai keskittyen kalvokontaktikohtiin (MCS), joissa kaksi organellia ovat lähellä toisiaan.
- Abstract
- Lipids are precisely distributed in cell membranes, along with associated proteins defining organelle identity. Because the major cellular lipid factory is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a key issue is to understand how various lipids are subsequently delivered to other compartments by vesicular and non-vesicular transport pathways.
- Efforts are currently made to decipher how lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) work either across long distances or confined to membrane contact sites (MCSs) where two organelles are at close proximity.
- Recent findings reveal that proteins of the oxysterol-binding protein related-proteins (ORP)/oxysterol-binding homology (Osh) family are not all just sterol transporters/sensors: some can bind either phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) and sterol or PtdIns(4)P and phosphatidylserine (PS), exchange these lipids between membranes, and thereby use phosphoinositide metabolism to create cellular lipid gradients.
Lopuksi, kun nyt on löydetty enemmän sellaisia proteiineja, joilla on lipidiä sitova moduli (SMP tai STARTin kaltainen domeeni) syntyy uutta pohdintaa lipidien kuljetuksesta soluissa ja miten näiden eri lipidikuljettajien aktiviteetit ovat koordinoidut.
- Lipid exchange is likely a widespread mechanism also utilized by other LTPs to efficiently trade lipids between organelle membranes.
- Finally, the discovery of more proteins bearing a lipid-binding module (SMP or START-like domain) raises new questions on how lipids are conveyed in cells and how the activities of different LTPs are coordinated.
- DAG, diacylglycerol;
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum;endoplasminen verkosto
- FFAT, two phenylalanines in an acidic tract;
- InsP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; inositoli-3P
- LTP, lipid transfer protein; lipidinsiirtäjäproteiini
- MCS, membrane contact site; kalvojen kontaktikohta
- ORP, oxysterol-binding protein related-proteins; oxysterolia sitovan proteiinin kaltaiset proteiinit
- Osh, oxysterol-binding homology; oxysterolia sitovaa homologia
- PA, phosphatidic acid;fosfatidihappo, PtdOH on toinen lyhennys
- PH, pleckstrin homology; plekstriinihomologiaa
- PtdIns(4, 5)P2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP2, tai PtdIns-P2
- PtdIns(4)P, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate;PI4P tai PtdIns-(4)P
- PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol; PI (lipositoli)
- PM, plasma membrane;plasmakalvo
- PS, phosphatidylserine;PtdSer, Fosfatidyyliseriini
- SMP, synaptotagmin-like, mitochondrial and lipid-binding protein;
- START, StAR-related lipid transfer;
- TMD, transmembrane domain, transmembraaninen domaani
Inga kommentarer:
Skicka en kommentar